customs and habits

A spoon. A simple piece of cutlery we raise to our mouths without a second thought. But what if you grew up in a culture where eating with your hands was the only respectable way to dine? In his twenty-third essay, Michel de Montaigne invites us to pause and reflect on such everyday habits — and to discover what they reveal about the human condition. In ‘Of Custom,’ he unfolds a rich collection of examples that compels us to question everything we consider normal. The Core Idea of the Essay In this essay, Montaigne examines the vast diversity of human customs and habits — from eating practices to funeral rites, from dress codes to forms of greeting. His central thesis is as simple as it is unsettling: what we experience as natural and self-evident is almost always the product of habit and upbringing. The power of custom is so great that we are barely able to look at it critically. Montaigne draws from classical sources such as Herodotus, Pliny, and Seneca, but also from travel accounts of his own time about newly discovered peoples in the Americas and Africa. He places the customs of these distant cultures alongside those of […]